Nigeria Guilty of Abuses in Pursuing Boko Haram Militants

CNN) -- Nigeria's security forces have been guilty of serious human rights abuses in their efforts to crack down on the militant Islamist group Boko Haram, Amnesty International said Thursday in a new report.The report paints an ugly picture of spiraling violence, where brutal attacks carried out by Boko Haram, often against civilians, are countered by the security forces with abuses that only add to the problem, the rights group said.

Boko Haram has become increasingly sophisticated in its methods in the past three years, the report said, carrying out deadly attacks across northern and central Nigeria.

Some of the most notorious have targeted Christian churches, causing hundreds of deaths; markets and schools have also been bombed or burned down in attacks claimed by Boko Haram. "The attacks targeting civilians may constitute crimes against humanity," the report said.

However, the abuses by Boko Haram do not absolve the government of its responsibility to live up to its obligations under the law, the report said -- something Amnesty International alleges it is failing to do.

The Nigerian government has not yet responded to a request for comment from CNN.


Amnesty International said it had shared its findings with the Nigerian authorities in advance as well as requesting further information on certain cases, but it had received no response.

"Nigeria's security forces have perpetrated serious human rights violations in their response. Hundreds of people accused of links to Boko Haram have been arbitrarily detained without charge or trial; others have been extrajudicially executed or subjected to enforced disappearance," the report said.

"At the same time, the Nigerian government has failed to adequately prevent or investigate the attacks or to bring perpetrators to justice; and victims have not received prompt and adequate reparation and remedy.

"The cycle of attacks and counter-attacks has been marked by unlawful violence on both sides with devastating consequences for the human rights of the people trapped in the middle."

The report, based on visits by Amnesty International researchers to northern Kano and Borno states and the Federal Capital Territory this year as well as past trips and other research, details a catalog of violent acts that have helped to create a climate of fear in the worst affected areas.

Boko Haram, whose name means "Western education is forbidden," is fighting to impose a strict version of Sharia law in the northern part of the country. The group has referred to itself as the "Nigerian Taliban."

Researchers spoke to survivors of attacks by Boko Haram and relatives of those killed by suspected members of the group as well as those detained by the security forces and their families.

In Maiduguri, in Borno state, where many of the deaths have occurred, researchers found residents are reluctant to speak out over Boko Haram abuses for fear of reprisals.

At the same time, "the climate of fear and insecurity has forced many journalists, lawyers and human rights defenders to scale down or stop their activities, or flee the area entirely."

Residents told Amnesty that police and security forces appeared to do little to investigate or prosecute killings by suspected militants. Of those arrested, most languish in detention, and only a small number have been convicted, the report said.

Investigations have also rarely been carried out in alleged abuses by the security forces, leading to a loss of public confidence in the authorities, the report said.

In one example cited in the report, "Witnesses interviewed by Amnesty International described seeing people who were clearly no threat to life -- unarmed, lying down or with their hands over their head or cooperating -- shot at close range by the security forces."

Amnesty International also points out the challenges faced by a police force that is poorly resourced, with some officers lacking bulletproof vests or handcuffs, and has itself been a frequent target of attacks by Boko Haram.

"The failure of the government to properly equip and train the police reduces their ability to ensure their own and other people's safety. Hundreds of police, military and SSS (State Security Service) have been killed by Boko Haram since 2009. They have been shot and blown up in their stations, at roadblocks and in their homes," the report said.

The rights group makes a series of recommendations, with specific points addressed to President Goodluck Jonathan, the ministries of defense and justice as well as the police, security services and lawmakers.

They include strengthening systems and training to ensure abuses are not carried out by security forces, and greater efforts to investigate abuse allegations and ensure the safety of witnesses.

Nigeria has almost equal numbers of Christian and Muslims, with the south predominantly Christian. Boko Haram and other Muslim groups claim the north has been starved of resources and marginalized by the government of Jonathan, a Christian.

From its base in Muslim-dominated northern Nigeria, Boko Haram has waged a violent campaign of bombings of Christian churches that have killed hundreds and wounded many more. There have been fewer attacks by Christian militant groups.

CNN's Vlad Duthiers contributed to this report.